For a given solute and solvent , what factors affects solubility?

Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. There are two direct factors that affect solubility: temperature and pressure. Temperature affects the solubility of both solids and gases, but pressure only affects the solubility of gases.

Explanation:

Temperature-

Basically, solubility increases with temperature. It is the case for most of the solvents. The situation is though different for gases. With increase of the temperature they became less soluble in each other and in water, but more soluble in organic solvents.

Polarity-

In most cases solutes dissolve in solvents that have a similar polarity. Chemists use a popular aphorism to describe this feature of solutes and solvents: "Like dissolves like". Non-polar solutes do not dissolve in polar solvents and the other way round.

PRESSURE -Solid and liquid solutes

For majority of solid and liquid solutes, pressure does not affect solubility.

Gas solutes -

As for gasses the Henry's law states that solubility of gas is directly proportional to the pressure of this gas. This is mathematically presented as: p = kc, where k is a temperature dependent constant for a gas. A good proof of Henry's law can be observed when opening a bottle of carbonated drink. When we decrease the pressure in a bottle, the gas that was dissolved in the drink bubbles out of it.

Explanation:

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