An instance in which one segment of society manages to push through a law in one legislative session, only to have another segment build enough support to overthrow the law in the next session, would best be defined as an example of

Pluralism

Explanation:

Pluralism could be defined as a system that thrives in many laws and believe and they exist among them, they also tolerate each other's belief when it doesn't meet up with their own. It could be seen as multiple people sharing power in the society. Categories of people in these groups most times are people from a different background living together.

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