When people feel that the traditional forms of participation are not working, they sometimes seek change outside of normal channels and take by participating in demonstrations, marches, armed stand-offs, and riots.

Direct action.

Explanation:

Direct action has been defined on so many ways that directs it to an action where a group strike or forcefully tries to implement a policy or tries to get what they want in a political or social sphere or also prevention of the implementation of a certain made or outlined policy itself instead of persuasion with others. This act is totally been used or fond of in many years in the past by many groups which are either political, social or otherwise in shouting out and proclaiming to what they have been denied or what they actually want.

These actions are termed to be illegal by the government even though sometimes are demonstrated in a peaceful manner.

answer; /// i do believe that the correct answer is (d) cooperative play; /// good luck

using the scientific method.