The number of citizen under 18 in 1960

A. spinoza thinks that we human beings are due for what was described in class as an “ontological demotion.” explain this ontological demotion, comparing his view of what we are to a more traditional aristotelian view. (you should concentrate on spinoza’s views on the human body, but be sure to say something about what he thinks the human mind is.) why does he think the demotion is needed? is he right? explain why the demotion matters to the overall project of the ethics.

“dear sir: it is with great reluctance, i trouble you on a subject, which does not fall within your province; but it is a subject that occasions me more distress, than i have felt, since the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the most zealous exertions of every person of weight and authority, who is interested in the success of our affairs. i mean the present dreadful situation of the army for want of provisions, and the miserable prospects before us, with respect to futurity. it is more alarming than you will probably conceive, for, to form a just idea, it were necessary to be on the spot. for some days past, there has been little less, than a famine in camp. a part of the army has been a week, without any kind of flesh, and the rest for three or four days. naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they have not been ere this excited by their sufferings, to a general mutiny or dispersion. strong symptoms, however, discontent have appeared in particular instances; and nothing but the most acitive efforts every where can long avert so shocking a catastrophe.” what’s the central idea?

What does one prolonged blast and one short blast mean?