John Noble speculated that Howie really didn't know much about his employees, including the types of rewards that they found meaningful and whether they personally felt that if they worked hard, they could achieve a reward.

Noble's thoughts referred to:

A. Reinforcement Theory.

B. Equity Theory.

C. Expectancy Theory.

D. Theory J.

C. Expectancy Theory

Explanation: The expectancy theory explains that, behavior or attitude exhibited by an individual usually stems from the association between the exhibited behavior and reward attached to such behavior, prompting such individual to selectively choose a behavior which maximizes reward for performance or output or one which minimizes pain.

According to the context above, Noble's claim that Howie knows very little about his employees including the fact that he doesn't know the kind of reward which could enhance their performance means that Howie has no knowledge about the expectancy theory associated with his employees behavior.

answer; primary source information;

the anti federalists was a movement that was opposed to the creation of a us federal government. although they were not as organized as the federalists, they also had a large group of leaders, especially in state politics.

the statement "now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people” represents the concerns of the anti federalists.

they strongly believed that the federalists were representing the interests of aristocratic elements of society at the expense of the majority of ordinary people, who lived in a rural society.

their fear for the creation of a strong federal government and the president’s power of veto in their opinion would create a tyrannical rule that would dominate the people. they defended the importance of restraining the government’s power towards people at any cost.