3. Who is known as the Father of Modern Geology? What was his foundational contribution in
the study of Geology? When did this happen (year)?

1. James Hutton

2. Hutton developed several hypotheses to explain the rock formations he saw around him, but according to Playfair he "was in no haste to publish his theory; for he was one of those who are much more delighted with the contemplation of truth, than with the praise of having discovered it". After some 25 years of work,[20] his Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe was read to meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in two parts, the first by his friend Joseph Black on 7 March 1785, and the second by himself on 4 April 1785. Hutton subsequently read an abstract of his dissertation Concerning the System of the Earth, its Duration and Stability to Society meeting on 4 July 1785,[21] which he had printed and circulated privately.[22] In it, he outlined his theory as follows;

The solid parts of the present land appear in general, to have been composed of the productions of the sea, and of other materials similar to those now found upon the shores. Hence we find reason to conclude:

1st, That the land on which we rest is not simple and original, but that it is a composition, and had been formed by the operation of second causes.

2nd, That before the present land was made, there had subsisted a world composed of sea and land, in which were tides and currents, with such operations at the bottom of the sea as now take place. And,

Lastly, That while the present land was forming at the bottom of the ocean, the former land maintained plants and animals; at least the sea was then inhabited by animals, in a similar manner as it is at present.

Hence we are led to conclude, that the greater part of our land, if not the whole had been produced by operations natural to this globe; but that in order to make this land a permanent body, resisting the operations of the waters, two things had been required;

1st, The consolidation of masses formed by collections of loose or incoherent materials;

2ndly, The elevation of those consolidated masses from the bottom of the sea, the place where they were collected, to the stations in which they now remain above the level of the ocean.

3. 1785

Explanation:

answer: cannibalism, the capac raymi, capacocha, the eight day feast, the combing of the hair

explanation:

the incas have many rituals, cannibalism was always a very ritual thing, which was normally tied to sacrifices, warfare, death, and regeneration.

  the capac raymi was one of the most important ceremonies. it occurred around the summer solstice and was when they worshiped their sun god, also known as inti.

  the capacocho was another one of their most important ceremonies. it was when many children where selected to start their training, and these children where destined to become sacrificial blessings to their sun god, inti. being chosen for this ritual was a blessing.

  the eight day feast was a feast that lasted 8 days and, each day, the day began with a chanting at dawn. a follow up song at noon. which ended with complete silence at the end of the day. on this day, inca royalty was always dressed in silver and gold laced clothing.

  the combing of the hair was the most important ritual to young girls. this ritual was known as the coming of age ceremony, but only the most beautiful girls where chosen. in this ceremony, the girls chose their new name and where chosen as either brides, or princesses of rulers.

answer; the region experienced a surplus of food;