I will mark u as brainliest if u answer my question. But it HAS to be EXACTLY 20 words.
"Summarize the following in EXACTLY 20 words."
Apartheid

The land now known as South Africa was colonized in 1652 by the Dutch, who founded Cape Town as a stopover point between the Netherlands and the Far East, where they sourced spices. The English seized the Cape of Good Hope in 1806, prompting the Dutch, known as the Boers and, later, Afrikaners, to found territories to the north. The discovery of resources, including diamonds and gold, in the late 19th century spurred wealth and an English invasion that led to the Second Boer War of 1899 to 1902. The English won, but in 1910 the two sides jointly formed the Union of South Africa, which would be declared a republic in 1961.

The two sides uneasily shared power until 1948, when the Afrikaner National Party (ANP) won a strong majority and, in an effort to control the economy and society, instituted a policy of "apartheid," from the Afrikaans word for "separateness."

Racial segregation had long existed in the region. The 1913 Native Land Act prohibited the sale of white territory to blacks and vice versa. But the ANP cemented that segregation into law through several legislative acts. In 1950, the Population Registration Act classified all South Africans as either Bantu (black), white or "coloured" (mixed race). (A fourth category, Asian -- including Indian and Pakistani people -- was later added.) That same year, the Group Areas Act established in urban areas residential and commercial sections for each race and prohibited other races from living, owning land or operating businesses in any areas but those designated for them. Although whites made up less than 10 percent of the population, they received more than 80 percent of South African land as a result of this and two later acts, collectively known as the Land Acts.

In 1952 the government strengthened existing "pass" laws, which required blacks to carry "pass books" with fingerprints and identification at all times; eventually restricted most social interaction between races; created separate public facilities, education standards and jobs; and forbade non-white labor unions from participating in the national government. In 1959, the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act created 10 African homelands, or Bantustans; in 1970 the Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act assigned every black South African to one of the 10, making them citizens of their Bantustans and revoking their South African citizenship.

The Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, passed in 1953, allowed the government to impose strict punishments for protesting a law, including fines, imprisonment and whippings. It also allowed the government to declare "states of emergency"; individuals detained during such periods could be held without a hearing for up to six months. These states of emergency were declared often through 1989 and resulted in thousands dying in custody, frequently as a result of torture. Of those who were tried, many were sentenced to death, banishment or life in prison.

Domestic and international opposition to these policies mounted over the years, with black South African students rioting, for example, in Soweto in 1976 and the United States and United Kingdom imposing some economic sanctions in 1985, which helped lead to the abolishment of the pass laws in 1986.

Apartheid remained officially in effect until 1991, when the South African government under president F. W. de Klerk finished repealing the laws that had made it possible. A new constitution restoring blacks' rights was adopted in 1993, and on April 27, 1994, the first democratic elections were held. Nineteen parties participated: Black parties won the majority, and a government of national unity was formed, with Nelson Mandela as president.