When grading student papers, Professor Arthur uses a grading rubric that specifies performance standards for grammar, organization, references, and creativity. However, rather than grading student papers based on the rubric, he tends to grade a paper by comparing it to the previously read paper. Professor Arthur's grading is most likely subject to .

The contrast error

Explanation:

Contrast error occurs when an individual rating is affected either positively or negatively based on the history of their previous marks.

Contrast error is an error that occurs when an individual is constantly evaluated in the basis of their previous mistakes or achievements.

Professor Arthur commits a contrast error by grading his students by their various performances on a previously read paper.

answer; fulfilling a goal of the president's council of physical fitness and sports;