In an institution for delinquent adolescents, a behavioral system has been implemented in which the adolescents earn points for target behaviors like getting up on time, making beds, and attending class. They are allowed to exchange their earned points for privileges, activities, etc. They are also charged tokens for inappropriate behaviors, such as staying in bed or fighting. This system is called:
a. systematic desensitization.
b. a vicarious learning model.
c. a token economy.
d. a hierarchy of needs.

This system is called a token economy.

Explanation: A TOKEN ECONOMY refers to a system of behavoiur modification based on the principles of operant conditioning. In this system, patients are rewarded with tokens for engaging in desirable activities. This is done to strengthen a behavior. The tokens collected are later exchanged for a meaningful object or privilege.

The answer is C. A token economy.

Explanation:

A token economy can be defined as a system of contingency management that is characterized by a systematic reinforcement related to the target behavior. The reinforcers are the symbols that are utilized in this system, and at the same time, these reinforcers can be exchanged for other ones.  

A token economy is usually characterized by the existence of operant conditioning and behavioral economics principles. These aspects related to token economies are especially utilized in children as well as in adults. Three aspects are essentially related to a token economy. They include  tokens, back-up reinforcers, and specified target behaviors.                

experiments.

surveys.

questionnaires.

interviews.

case studies.

participant and non-participant observation.

observational trials.

studies using the delphi method.