In 1991, a redistricting in North Carolina was designed to create a district with African Americans in the majority. Later, federal courts ruled that the state had to revise those district lines so that the congressional district was more compact. What is this politicization of drawing district boundaries called.

Gerrymandering.

Explanation:

This form of politicization by the North Carolina government was the manipulation of an electoral constituency's boundaries so as to largely favour one party or class.

After the high court’s decision, foes of partisan gerrymandering shifted their focus to state courts. And on Tuesday, they scored a victory that’s significant not just for North Carolina but for the many states where biased maps have compromised free and fair elections. Assembly had violated the state constitution when it gerrymandered legislative maps with an eye toward thwarting serious competition for state house and senate seats. The judges order that the districts be redrawn in time for the 2020 election.

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.