Suppose that a study of oral contraceptive (OC) use and development of bacteriuria was conducted among 2,390 women, all of whom were initially free from bacteriuria. At the start of the study, the women were surveyed to determine whether or not they currently used OCs. 482 were using OCs and 1908 were not. By the end of the follow-up period, a total of 27 of the OC users and 77 of the non-users had developed bacteriuira.

A. What type of study is described here?
B. Set up the two-by-two table for these data.
C. Calculate the risk ratio describing the strength of the relationship between OC use and bacteriuria; interpret the result in one sentence.
D. Give one numerical example of a risk ratio that would have indicated that OC are protective against bacteriuria.

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Why did working women earn one-thrid to one-half as much as men

On the doctoral journey, you will need to adjust your thinking and perspective. it is inevitable that your world view will be challenged. how you respond to those instances of challenging remains in your control. this may sound daunting and even seem to be unacceptable, but it is the inexorable result of engaging in "deep thinking" while becoming an academic. remember, you are not just becoming a researcher, but you are also becoming a learned person (an academic) who will be charged with the responsibility of acting as a gatekeeper of knowledge and knowledge development. what distinguishes an infant academic from a mature academic? explain. how does the above biblical challenge to move toward mature thinking parallel the increased responsibility for knowledge and knowledge development that comes with the earning of a doctoral degree? explain.