In a within-groups design, exposing participants to one level of the independent variable can change how they respond to the other levels of the independent variable. This problem is generally referred to as 'carryover,' or.

on the first day of new student week, amber revealed to her roommate that she is a lesbian. this is an example of self-disclosure.

answer; the federal reserve system;

answer; regard the action of other people negatively;

answer; interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance;