Which of the following innovations would be MOST likely to help African farmers?

Development of frost-resistant strains of seeds
Invention of grain seeds that grow in hot, arid climates
Introduction of farming methods suited to growing food in limited space
Development of chemical fertilizers that improve nutrients in the soil

Before they can be published, scientific papers must be peer-reviewed. this means that: a) some other scientific experts read the papers and guarantee that they are true. b) some other scientific experts read the papers and provide quality control by eliminating many mistakes. c) an editor reads the papers, to make sure that all the semicolons are in the correct places. d) everyone in the world is given the opportunity to comment on the papers through a specially maintainedblog. e) government bureaucrats read the papers, to be sure that the papers do not insult the political positions ofthe current officeholders.