Sheryl is taking an advanced high school writing class for only one reason: Earning an A or B in the class will help her earn a scholarship at State University, which she desperately wants to attend. Sheryl is demonstrating:

Sheryl is demonstrating extrinsic motivation.

Explanation:

Motivation can arise from intrinsic of extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are the ones that come from within, such as feeling good about oneself, enjoying helping others, etc. Extrinsic motivators are external factors, such as money, fame, praise, and grades. Sheryl is clearly demonstrating extrinsic motivation, since she is not attending the class because she likes the subject. She is solely doing it to earn a scholarship. The reward is external, not changing Sheryl's feelings and perceptions of herself.

chronological thinking is an indispensable tool to structure a historical narrative and to give meaning to a sequence of events. the final section presents the results of a survey to test the chronological thinking of lower secondary school students carried out by the educational research institute.

it should be d or b but i'm sure it's d