As part of a memory test, Xavier was given a list of words that included dog, pail, and hate. Later, he recalled these words as log, whale, and late. Xavier's errors in recall suggest that he had encoded the original word list:
a. retroactively.
b. phonemically.
c. semantically.
d. structurally.

As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. you never cheated on any exam. however, this semester your best friend was desperate for your , and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort? a. job detachment b. cognitive dissonance c. emotional labor d. emotional dissonance e. affective detachment