22. Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e. g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect . *

a failure of memory consolidation          

Explanation:

Memory consolidation: In psychology, the term "memory consolidation" is described as one of the time-dependent processes through which an individual's recently learned experiences are being transformed into "long-term memory" more often through chemical and structural changes in his or her nervous system, for example, the strengthening of "synaptic connections" between different neurons.

In the question above, the given statement represents a failure of memory consolidation.

answer; gender,race,age,/// (d) all of these;