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Strong cultural differences existed between the British colonies and the Boer republics. For example, in Cape Colony all people who had a certain level of wealth, regardless of race, were allowed to vote for representatives to the colony’s parliament. In the Boer republics, only white people were recognized as citizens, and only white men could vote.

The discovery of diamonds in 1868 and gold in 1886 in the Boer republics renewed British interest in uniting these lands under British rule. They made a claim on these lands at the Berlin Conference in 1884 and began working to establish authority over the Boers. During a bitter, two-year war that began in 1899, the British army defeated the Boer settlers and gained control of all of South Africa.

What issues and events does the passage describe?