Mrs. Orlof teaches two history classes, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Yesterday she gave the same test to both classes. Anyone who failed the test must take a retest. Since a greater percentage of students who took the morning test failed the test than students who took the afternoon test, more of Orloff’s morning history students than afternoon history students will have to take the retest. The conclusion above is not necessarily valid because:

More student may have taken the test in the afternoon than in the morning.

Explanation:

Mrs. Orlof teaches two history classes, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Yesterday she gave the same test to both classes. Anyone who failed the test must take a retest. Since a greater percentage of students who took the morning test failed the test than students who took the afternoon test, more of Orloff’s morning history students than afternoon history students will have to take the retest. The conclusion above is not necessarily valid because more student may have taken the test in the afternoon than in the morning.

OPTION D==> More students may have taken the test in the afternoon than in the morning.

Explanation:

This question is a critical thinking question and it needs proper analysis in order to be able to solve the question.

Now let us go back to the question again. The Important things to note are; Mrs. Orlof teaches two history classes, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Mrs. Orlof conducted a test to examines her students, the percentage of people that failed in the morning were higher than that of the one she conducted in the afternoon.

The argument is now that more of Mrs Orloff’s morning history students than afternoon history students will have to take the retest which might not be valid because of the of option 'D' which is also a plausible reasoning.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).