Learning does NOT include:

habituation.
classical conditioning.
operant conditioning.
adaptation.

Adaptation and Habituation

Explanation:

Classical conditioning is, for example, learning that is used with dogs. When we want our dog to learn something we are giving him the food and in that way he is learning.

Operant conditioning is considering learning through the behavior of our organism.

hello,

your answer is ready

i believe its either the first or third option but i'm leaning more towards the third option:

the first excerpt makes a logical appeal, while the second excerpt makes an emotional appeal.

your pal

~papaguy