Quite often, children who grow up on farms and learn to drive tractors have an easier time later learning to drive cars than do children who had no such previous experience. This phenomenon is referred to as

The answer is a specific transfer.

Explanation:

Transfer of learning refers to the fact through which people apply any kind of information, strategies, as well as some skills that they have acquired to new situations. The transfer is considered an important aspect of the learning process.

Researchers try to identify when and how all these transfers take place, as well as they usually give some strategies to improve transfer. Nowadays, transfer of learning usually refers to a process in which the different past experiences influence learning as well as performance when a new situation appears.    

specific transfer

Explanation:

Specific transfer is known to occur when the contents of one learning is transferred to another learning. This can be considered as a positive transfer because the learning in a situation will facilitates learning in another situation.

In this case, the children that grow up on farms with the knowledge of driving a tractor will find it easier to learn how to drive cars, because the initial knowledge of driving tractors will be transferred and thereby facilitates the learning of driving cars.

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the first question's answer is a.