Ray owes Bob some money. Bob tells Ray he has until three o'clock the next day to repay the money or Bob will have Ray beaten up. Ray gets angry and immediately punches Bob in the face to protect himself. According to your textbook reading, Ray cannot claim self-defense because:

Which of the following statements about the effects of subliminal stimuli is most accurate? subliminal stimuli have no effect on attitudes or behavior. subliminal stimuli can lead people to vote for political candidates they do not support. subliminal exposure to thirst-related words can lead thirsty people to drink more. subliminal stimuli can lead people to violate deeply held values.