At university A, students from all introductory psychology sections take their final examination all at once in a gymnasium. At university B, students from each introductory psychology section take the final exam in the same classroom they attended for lectures during the semester. All else being equal, students at university should perform better, based on the .

- B; Encoding specificity principle.

Explanation:

As per the given description, University B students are expected to perform better on the basis of 'encoding specificity principle' which states that humans retrieve the optimal memory when the retrieval conditions like emotional cues are similar to the conditions when the memory was stored. Since University B students should perform more effectively in comparison to the University A students as they(students of university B) have been offered with the similar external conditions during the exam to the conditions when they attended the classes. Thus, they would be able to retrieve the memory more constructively.

the answer to your question is,

old stone age.

-mabel < 3