1. Wallerstein describes countries dominating others without being dominated, countries which are dominated while at the same time dominating others, and countries that are dominated.

Wallerstein describes free countries dominating others without being dominated, the semi-periphery  country which are dominated while at the same time dominating others, and periphery as the countries that are dominated

Explanation:

There are many ways to attribute a specific country to the free countries or core, semi-periphery, or periphery. Using an empirically based sharp formal definition of "domination" in a two-country relationship.

Piana in the year 2004 was able to define to word Free countries,Semi-periphery,or periphery.

Core : He defined "core" as made up of "free countries" dominating others without being dominated.

Semi-periphery :  He defined "semi-periphery" as the countries that are dominated (usually, but not necessarily, by core countries) but at the same time dominating others.

Periphery :  He defined "periphery" as the countries dominated.

answer; i believe that the correct answer is (scientific approach)