A professor teaches a course in American cinema each summer. He offers a course packet through the university bookstore. The course packet contains a 3-year old news article about contemporary female directors. Must the professor seek permission to use the news article, if he only uses it once per year?

No, because the professor is not using the material in a way that dilutes its value.  

Explanation:

The news article is a daily publication about daily routine news about national or international. It is the publication on folded sheets. These sheets contain daily news, articles, and publications. There are different columns for all publications and advertisements. All the people love to read the newspaper. This is the best informative source that provides fresh news about the nation and the international level.  

Thus in the above context professor was teaching the articles and publications. Professor has to take permission to use the news article if the professor is using it once at a time in a year.

c- companies fail to take environmental protection into account. i think

apart from being against desegregation, governor of georgia eugene talmadge opposed as well to the work progress administration, an ambitious program of the "new deal" created by president franklin d. roosevelt to overcome the great depression after world war i. talmadge disagreed with welfare spending, job training and organized labor. according to his ideas, he thought the government was spending too much money on this, and he wasn't willing to accept a wage higher than georgia's lower average wage. besides, talmadge strongly opposed to the "new deal" as he thought it had communist ideas.