When 80-year-old Ida looked at one of her old wedding pictures, she was flooded with vivid memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage. The picture served as a powerful

a. memory trace.
b. serial position effect.
c. implicit memory.
d. retrieval cue.

D Retrieval cue

Explanation:

A Retrieval Cue is the ability of an older person to remember event or experience he/she had in a very long time.

Retrieval cue often happened when a person make a new memory about event which help triggers the long time event that had happened to them.

RETRIEVAL CUE in older adult makes them feel fulfilled and happy when they remember all their past and old event in life.

There for RETRIEVAL CUE help us to retrieve long term memories or event because all the information stored in long term memory are been retrieved.

According to the Scenario the picture serve as a powerful RETRIEVAL CUE

d. retrieval cue.

Explanation: The old wedding pictures of Ida served as a powerful retrieval cue to her. This is because they served as a prompt or hint or trigger that enables her recall quite vividly memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage that were stored a long time ago.

Retrieval cues which can take the form of a picture, words, sounds, location and even scents are a great way of obtaining stored information that is not always accessible on cue. They play major roles in remembrance and aid in remembering information that has been stored in memory more easily.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.