Physically attractive people are often rated or judged higher than average looking people on such factors as popularity, leadership and achievement, when in reality there is no association between physical attractiveness and those other aspects of human behavior. In the language of I/O psychology, physical attractiveness has what effect on the ratings of these other aspects of behavior? a source of deficiency a source of relevance a source of contamination a source of generalizability

a source of contamination

Explanation: When organizational qualities are measured or judged on the basis of certain intuitive physical criteria which in reality possess no causal relationship with one another.

In the scenario above, applying certain physical criteria such good look or attractiveness in determining or defining an individual's organizational competence such as leadership and achievement when there is no causal relationship between them makes physical attractiveness ( an independent team variable used to establish correlation) a source of contamination.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; lorenz;