What film genre flourished in America in the 1940s and 1950s and then seemed to die out, though it continues to have many resonances in movies of more recent decades?

Film noir

Explanation:

Film noir is a particular genre and style of film making characterized by element such as stark lighting effects, cynical heroes, frequent use of flashback, intricated plots and an underlying existentialist philosophy and known for using low budget film making. Famous example of htis genre is Touch of evil. sweet smell of success and double indemnity to mention few.

bro these r easy u may have to do them urself bro. lol jk the answer is two for nimber one, and for question number two sahel boi xd have fun get rekt m8

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.