Secondary reinforcers are powerful tools for shaping behavior because they have become associated with primary reinforcers. Which of the following is NOT a secondary reinforcer? (money, praise, grades, food).

food                

Explanation:

Secondary reinforcer: In psychology, "secondary reinforcer" is referred to as a specific situation in which a stimulus is said to reinforce a particular behavior after being formerly connected with one of the primary reinforcer (a stimulus that fulfils "basic survival instincts", for example, clothing, food, drink, etc).

According to the psychologists, human being's reinforcers are generally considered as secondary. A secondary reinforcer involves tokens, stickers, money, good marks, praise, etc. It is often considered as one of the powerful tools in children's behavioral modification.

    racial conflict and discrimination has existed ever since man learned to kill with rocks and bones. these conflicts arose from disputes between territory, power, wealth, religion, or simple difference. some of the most infamous racial disputes include slavery, the holocaust, and the civil rights movement.

    these listed disputes often resulted in casualties from all sides. riots, wars, imprisonment, and lynching are all commonly associated with racial conflict on severe levels.

      however, racism is an improving issue in recent decades. people are being more accepting and welcoming of diverse populations. though, the world isn't perfect and it will take much more time, if ever, until the world is rid of racism.

answer:

d. because dr. laguardia selected a widely used measure, his study generalizes to has strong external validity. external validity has limited external validity. other applications of this measure.

the widely used measure that he applied to his experiment was the benton facial recognition test. it employed on to football players and as result, only players who suffered brain concussions did not pas this test. and although it has an external validity, it is limited because it isn't general to apply to other population.