When participants' behaviors are affected not by the treatment per se but by their knowledge of participating in a study, interpretation of the findings is complicated by the influence of which of the following?
Hawthorne Effect

c.) hawthorne effect

Explanation:

The Hawthorne effect is regarded as the phenomenon in which the subjects in behavioral studies tend to change their performance in response to being observed.

It is always counter productive in terms of result because it is hard to study when results are biased, the participants knew they were being studied.

Due to the individuals knowledge that they are being studied, most times it produces not exactly the result it should.

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the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.