Olivia is punished for spilling her cereal. Her parents give her a spanking and send her to her room where she cries. Later, her puppy makes a mess on the floor. Olivia kicks her puppy and puts it out in the yard where it whines sadly. Which of the following statements explains her behavior toward the puppy?
a. Olivia is correctly applying Skinnerian principles of negative reinforcement to change her dog's behavior.
b. Olivia is using negative punishment on her dog and it will change the dog's behavior.
c. Olivia is modeling the aggressive behavior her parents demonstrated to her.
d. Olivia's parents probably think that the best way to raise kids is "spare the rod, spoil the child."

Which is relatively better: a score of 76 on a psychology test or a score of 22 on an economics test? scores on the psychology test have a mean of 90 and a standard deviation of 13. scores on the economics test have a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10.

How does a long war with a high number of casualties generally affect civilians’ and soldiers’ opinions of their government?

Sara and her friends were at an iowa football game in iowa city. sara is a life long resident of iowa and goes to college at dmacc. while she was in iowa city, robert smashed into her car when he ran a red light. sara was seriously injured and taken to university hospitals in iowa city (fortunately her injuries were not life threatening but laid her up for a long time and she had to drop out of college for the rest of the semester). robert is from michigan and was in iowa city to see the game and then to party later. at the time of the accident robert was drunk (at least legally - he blew a 0.17 and the limit is 0.08). sara has sustained about $500,000 in damages between her current and future medical bills, pain/suffering, lost wages, etc. also her car was totaled in the accident. can sara sue robert in a federal court? explain why or why not. (be sure to mention the two primary factors associated with suing someone in a federal court in a case like this.)