Effects that increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur are called ; effects that decrease the likelihood that a behavior will occur are called .

Reinforcer

Punishment.

Explanation:

Operating conditioning is a learning method that was developed by one of the most influential psychologist B.F Skinner, and it works through rewards and punishments for changing behavioral patterns. According to this theory, while a  behavior followed by reinforcement strengthens the preceding actions, actions resulting in punishment will weaken and are less likely to occur again in the future.

c: in the east might be the correct answer

answer; cultural trait;