In the early 20th century, an experiment was conducted to determine how large the forces are that allow leaves to pull water from the soil. The rate at which water flowed from a reservoir into the cut tip of an actively transpiring plant was the flow rate through the branch tip when it was subsequently attached to a vacuum pump

levels of production can be increased by technology while holding labor and capital constant, because increased technology makes the production process more efficient. subsequently, the lras curve is almost a vertical line, that can shift to the right, with an increase in technology.

the relationship between the lras curve and the ppc is that both can make the economy could grow. the ppc achieves that when it shifts outward because of more resources or technological advances while the lras curve shifts if more resources are developed or if there are technological advances.

the lras curve is a vertical line at an output level that represents the number of goods and services a nation can produce over a sustained period using all of its productive resources as efficiently as possible with all of the current technology available to it.

the production possibilities frontier (ppf) is a graphical device that is used for economic analysis of production decisions because the ppf measures the maximum possible combinations of two goods that an economy is capable of producing with its currently available resources and technology.

the answer is d.index

could you go a bit more in depth with you question? it's quite hard to understand. as soon as you do that i will be glad to : )