In a cross-sectional study, participants (age range 10-90 years) are given a test that measures subtraction and addition skills. Results show that older adults perform better on the test than younger adults.

Why might this be? Select one:

a. As people age, cognitive performance increases.

b. Cohort effect- historically, older adults did not have the luxury of using a calculator, so they developed better math skills.

c. Cross-sectional studies are not good representation of interindividual differences.

d. All of the above.

C. Cross-sectional studies are not good representation of inter-individual differences

Explanation:

Cross sectional research method is not representative enough. if another cross sectional study is conducted, it won't be surprising that the results might show that younger adults perform better than older adults because the representative selected for each age group were just hand picked and it can be used to generalize for the whole younger population.

the structure of state governments are determined by. "state constitutins'

under the us constitution, all state governments are.'republics'