Sociologist Robert Merton identified five ways in which people adapt to cultural goals and approved ways of achieving them. In addition to conformity, Merton classified the remaining four types of adaptation as deviance. Which of the following was not a type of adaptation identified?

a. retreatism

b. innovation

c. inoculation

d. ritualism

c. inoculation

Explanation:According to Merton's theory there are five modes that people use to adapt and attain certain goals in their lives these five modes are conformity, ritualism, retreatism , rebellion and innovation. He suggested that innovation is the one highly associated with criminal activities.

In Psychology ,Inoculation on the other side is a technique which aims to help people resist anything or anyone who tries to change their attitude or beliefs by giving them arguments that can prepare them fights any opposition in the future.

1. state-issued photo ids. provide them for free for those who can't afford them.

2. the system we have seems to be working nearly perfectly. seems like about 31 cases per billion votes cast

3. the national policy for hiring new employees which requires proof of eligibility to work. there are something like 20 types of identification which can be used for this.

answer; gender,race,age,/// (d) all of these;