Cesar Beccaria believed in the concept of , the idea that people want to achieve pleasure and avoid pain.

Utilitarianism

Explanation:

Utilitarianism is a theory that promote actions that produce pleasure, happiness and benefits, rather than evil, unhappiness and pain to the affected individuals. In other words, it is the idea that people want to achieve pleasure and avoid pain. Utilitarianism was founded by Jeremy Bentham.

Cesare Beccaria, in addition to his  theory of social contract, he also developed Jeremy Bentham work on utilitarianism. He believed that punishment should be used to create a better society, as people tend to avoid punishment, hence they would most likely follow the rule and create a better society.

Cesare Beccaria The second is utilitarianism. Utilitarianism piggybacks on the social contract theory and refers to the belief that the government should only legislate in ways that provide the greatest public good. This is an important philosophical theory that was more fully developed through the later works of Jeremy Bentham. Using utilitarianism, Beccaria claimed that criminal punishment should be practical and useful to the people. Punishment should increase the overall amount of happiness in the world and create a better society.

answer; ///(positive correlation);

in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.