What provides a framework through which two parties can establish a trusted relationship even if the parties have no prior knowledge of one another?

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) helps in establishing trusted relationship between two parties.

Explanation:

A public key infrastructure (PKI) helps in creating, managing, distributing, using, storing and revoking digital certificates. It also helps in managing public-key encryption.

The PKI is a framework which helps in establishing trusted relationship between two parties even if the parties are not aware of one another.

PKI helps in ensuring cyber-security. This enables communication protection between the server and the client. Data transmission can be performed safely and securely using public key infrastructure.

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the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.