Which of the following is an example of shaping an individual to swing a golf club correctly (i. e., take the appropriate backswing, swing the club down to the ball, and follow through with the swing)?

a. stand behind the person and physically make the correct golf swing. over time, slowly provide less physical assistance until the individual makes a correct swing independently.
b. start with verbal prompts to do each step. if this is not effective, provide a model. if this is not effective, provide some physical assistance. if this is not effective, stand behind the person and the person make the correct golf swing.
c. provide positive reinforcement for any swing that resembles a golf swing. then, provide reinforcement for closer and closer approximations of a correct golf swing and withhold reinforcement for poorer approximations of a correct golf swing.
d. none of these is an example of shaping.