The belief that a person's fate can be closely attributed to his or her own efforts is known as and is fundamental to the american dream.

Individualism

Explanation:

Individualism is driven by individualistic cultures in which an person's own needs comes first than the needs of the collective group.

It refers to independence and autonomous, in which social behaviour is driven by personal preferences of individuals. Examples of countries which individualism is dominant are North America, Western Europe

A few common characteristics of individualistic cultures include:

- it is more centered on personal needs

- independence is the key

- lack of independence causes shame

- individual bare more self reliant and not into Interdependence

- individuals rights are more important.

- Being unique is crucial and having your own thing

answer; ///i believe the correct answer is (b) the writing of the ancients who lived in india after the indus valley inhabitants died out;