Arnold gets an "a" on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from stanley, the "class brain" who is sitting next to him. according to merton's anomie theory of deviance, arnold would be classified as a(n)

Innovator

Explanation:

Innovators are those people who realise that society expect them to achieve certain goals in life which are worthy pursuing but instead of using legal ways to pursue those goals they seek other ways which are illegal or deviant. Sometimes it is because these people do not have social means to legally pursue those goals or they feel limited to do so but still find it important to pursue those goals in anyway they can even if it means using deviant behavior.

Arnold realises that passing his exams is crucial but he uses a deviant behavior to do by cheating.

they encountered severe weather for which they were poorly prepared.