Beginning with the case of in 1925, the supreme court began to rule that the bill of rights applied directly to the states, as well as to the national government.

Gitlow v. New York

Explanation:

Originally, the First Amendment applied only to laws enacted by the Congress. However, starting with Gitlow v. New York (1925), the Supreme Court has applied the First Amendment to each state as well as the national government.The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights and protects American civil liberties.

concurrent jurisdiction is the ability to exercise judicial review by different courts at the same time, within the same territory, and over the same subject matter. for instance, a domestic violence matter may be heard in either a general civil court or a family court in the same county. whichever court actually exercises its jurisdiction first will do so exclusively.