Communities may not take needed actions unless disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation information is communicated:

People need Facts

Explanation:

People need to see evidence that is true, they need to be motivated and sensitized enough so that when such information is out they can act. it all depends on the mental attitude of the general public and there trust in the system they are involved in. In some countries, the citizens done trust in the government and when such notification is out they dont act.

So people need evidences, proves and signs of any potential occurrence of an event or else they may not take needed actions unless disaster preparedness and the likes happen before they act.

answer; (d) none of the above;

i believe the answer is:   psychological  experiment

in this experiment, wilhelm wundt became the first person that implement scientific method in analyzing the pyschological phenomenon.

due to this result, wilhelm wundt also able to make psychology to be acknowledged as a separate scientific field from biology.