Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?

a. the dog works to avoid something he considers unpleasant
b. saying "no" to a dog whenever the dog disobeys
c. not petting the dog unless he obeys
d. correcting the dog with a leash and collar when the dog disobeys

Saade, morin, and thomas (2012) describe critical thinking as the mental processes of discernment, analysis, and evaluation applied to information in order to achieve a logical final understanding and/or judgment. describe your approach to breaking down information into component parts to better understand the characteristics of a statement, concept, or problem. how might outlining to develop understanding? how do you know when to reach beyond previous experience and seek out other sources of information to enhance your understanding of the work in front of you? (this response does not require research support.)

The economy of the united states is best described as

Why does c. wright mills identify critical thinking as one of the most important criteria for the development of intellectual craftsmanship? why is constantly being aware of the biased nature of your reactions and interactions (what c. wright mills calls self-reflexive) key to the development of that critical thinking? finally, why is keeping a file important, how can it lean to intellectual curiosity which can foster critical thinking and to develop a keen analytical mind?