The time-out procedure in which the student is not removed from the instructional setting and instead, the teacher temporarily manipulates the environment to deny a student access to reinforcers is known as:

a. exclusionary time-out
b. seclusionary time-out
c. nonseclusionary time-out
d. nonexclusionary time-out

d) Non- exclusionary time-out

Explanation:

Non-exclusionary time-out is defined as the process in which reinforcers are eliminated from the surrounding for a short time on temporary basis or interaction between the reinforcer and person in not permitted. Presence of the person in reinforced environment is permitted.

According to the question, teacher tending to manipulate reinforcer interaction with students for short while , students being in the same place displays non-exclusionary time out.

Other options are incorrect because exclusionary time-out eliminates presence of child from reinforcing background. Seclusion and non-seclusion time out is based on restraintment. Thus, the correct option is option(d).

a punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity. enforcement of norms or shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations. social control. not everyone internalizes all of society's norms, and some people must be motivated by self-fulfillment.