The deliberate representations of particular identities such as caste, race or nation as if they were the result of biology or nature, rather than history or culture are called:
a. naturalizing discourses
b. strategic essentialism
c. transformist hegemony
d. nation building

a) Naturalizing discourses

Explanation:

Naturalizing discourse is defined as branch which is related wit the racism production and presentation based on race, class,caste, ethics etc for analyzing it. In this concept ,it is analyzed that this issue is the ongoing problem that has emerged through biological causes.  

Other options are incorrect because construction of nation,transformist hegemony  is protection of cultural domination on national basis.Strategic essentialism  is the method used by minority group.Thus, the correct option is option(a).

the reason the welfare system causes so much of a burden on its recipients is because the welfare system does not give its recipients any real tools to actually get out of poverty. the welfare system has embedded poverty deeper into society and has made it harder and harder for people to escape poverty.

in other words, it stoped the poor, and now its making it worse.

hope this . : )      

and im sorry it took so long for your question to get answered

this is a pretty broad question and can be a pretty lengthy answer. since 1900, women have gained a lot more rights and have become active in the workforce. with women being in the workforce, men play a larger role in family life. many family tasks are shared between men and women, whereas, women used to be the sole family caretakers.

that should get you started at least.