After ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of the: a. mere exposure effect.
b. ingroup bias.
c. fundamental attribution error.
d. frustration-aggression principle.

d) Frustration-Aggression principle

Explanation:

Frustration-Aggression Theory

When we don't achieve the goals that we were after and we feel like we are being hindered to get there we mostly feel aggression.

When we are still pursuing our goal we get so excited at the anticipation of achieving it but as we approach it and stumbling blocks start to hit us we feel frustrated. All the stumbling blocks that hit us increases our frustrations into aggression.

For some people with greater self control they may successfully control their frustration not to get to aggression

Ravi got frustrated that he lost to another student so his goal of becoming the school president was hindered and it went to aggression when he was taking out to this students by spreading rumours to ruin his reputation.

c (fundamental attribution error.)

Explanation:

Option A (mere exposure effect): this does not fit the expression of Ravi election loss, it is not stated that he was exposed to an event that made him lose his election ,or because of the exposure an event made him to send negative stories ,non of this example of mere exposure suites his actions

Option B( ingroup bias): not the concept that his opponent was in the same group has him.

Option C(

fundamental attribution error): this explains his action after his loss , his actions are results of frustration due to his loss .

Option D(frustration-aggression principle.), this principle is quite the same ,but aggression doesn't make it the right answer, their is no form of aggression from His actions such as spreading false rumors.

In conclusion, option c is the best answer as he acted out of frustration.

i think it's b or c hope this