President woodrow wilson argued that

select one:
a. bureaucracies should move from implementing to making laws
b. there should be a strict dichotomy between politics and administration/bureaucracy
c. bureaucracies should be open to patronage
d. bureaucracies should be more responsive to the people

The correct answer is B. there should be a strict dichotomy between politics and administration/bureaucracy

Explanation:

In his 1887 essay, the Study of Administration, Woodrow Wilson put forward the theory that there should be a strict dichotomy between politics and administration/bureaucracy. He claims that, although politicians are the ones who set the goals and guidelines for the public administrators to execute, politics and public administration are very different, as administrative issues aren't political matters, but are more akin to business management. Further, he argued that public administration should be managed scientifically, and even considered a science on its own right. Wilson's ideas would be known as the politics-administration dichotomy, and it's been a subject of debate even to this day. For this theory, Woodrow Wilson is considered one of the forefathers of public administration theory.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).