In smith v. united states (1949), the court defined which term as "the sum total layers of information and the synthesis of what the police have heard, what they know, and what they observe as trained officers"?

answer; (d) none of the above;

answer to ur question is college b

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer c you welcu