Ray gives his son, mason, three bowls. these bowls have the same capacity, but each one differs slightly in its shape and size. ray tells his son that one of the bowls can hold more liters of oil than the other two bowls. mason points out that all the bowls, though may appear different in size and shape, can store the same volume of oil. in this case, ray was most likely testing mason's concept

conservation.                

Explanation:

Conservation: The term conservation is given by a psychologist named Jean Piaget in his theory of cognitive development.

According to Piaget, the term conservation refers to the logical or rational thinking ability of an individual that permits the individual to demonstrate that a specific quantity will remain the same as the previous quantity was even if it is being changed to the other container, apparent size, or shape.

It occurs around the age of seven to eleven years i.e, in the operational stage of development.

In the question above, Ray was most likely testing Mason's concept of conservation.

nigger, that word was originated for white folks   to keep black people under

and when black people use it, they know that's just how they greet each other

and when white folks use it, they know there's a double meaning under

permafrost layer, it exists beneath a layer of soil, rock or sediment.