Jill is nervous about her biology test and says to her roommate, "this is stupid! i'm stupid! i'm going to fail." when jill gets her test back a week later, she learns that she did, in fact, fail the test. jill engaged in
a) mindreadingb) a self-fulfilling prophecyc) an attributiond) using a prototypee) using a stereotype

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.