Although dr. johnson believes that women and men can perform equally well on a math test, dr. johnson is exploring whether women perform worse on a math test when they are asked to indicate their gender prior to taking the text. dr. johnson is exploring the concept of ""

   Stereotype threat

Explanation:  Stereotype threat is a phenomenon where a certain, already formed opinion is created on the basis of established social, often wrong norms, and this threat can affect the level of performance especially when it comes to academic but any other level. This level of performance is reduced under stereotype threat, because if there is no real danger of stereotype, then, based on the established norm in society, one may consider that it is in danger of stereotype and provide a lesser level of knowledge than the real one. This threat can relate to both racial and gender stereotypes, in which case it is a gender stereotype.

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.

sir frederic attributed inaccuracies to schemas. memory reconstruction is one part actual events and one part personal schema, which can result in inaccuracies when memories are reconstructed.